The Socio Political And Economic Effects Of Colonialism On...

The ramifications of the socio-political and economic effects of colonialism on African women have stunted African development. The economic impact of colonial rule led to a further decrease in significance and power held by women in society. This is greatly linked to agriculture, in the form of land alienation. Women were seen as major food producers in countries such as Kenya, for example, the Kikuyu women, and had access and authority over the cultivation of crops and land. Integral to women’s prominence in society was the productive labour that they provided. With Colonial rule many women loss access to land and become economically dependent on men, women were excluded from private ownership of land. In addition to economic dependency these women also faced strengthened patriarchy in the home, a consequence of the adaptation of European ideology. The introduction of wage labour also negatively impacted African women. With the introduction of European plantations women and children were in some cases legislatively bound to provide labour. Women and children were instrumental to the success of the Rungwi tea industry as well as the Mbosi coffee industry. Not only did this deter women from their day-to-day economic activities, and consequently, had negative impacts on the market but subjected women to sexual abuse from European as well as African men on the plantations. The African men were deterred from traditional African responsibilities or peasantShow MoreRelated Colonialism in the Caribbean Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesColonialism in the Caribbean Although Michelle Cliff, Antonio Benitez- Rojo, and Sidney Mintz all discuss the Caribbean in their writings they all have very distinct perspectives. In his writing, The Caribbean as a Socio-cultural Area, Sidney Mintz discusses the Caribbean from a historical standpoint in which he characterizes it as a socially united, rather than a culturally united one. Antonio Benitez- Rojo tries to explain the distinct cultures of the Caribbean with a combination of historicalRead MoreBroader Impact Of Colonization On African Continent Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagescolonization on African Continent According to the dictionary, colonialism may be defined as the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupy it settlers, and exploit it economically. Colonialism between the 1870s and 1900s had a massive impact on African communities. Therefore, I am studying effect of colonialism because I want to find out its impacts in order to understand the transformation it brought to the African continent basedRead MoreIntroduction Globalisation is evident in our everyday living, and is inescapable; as it portrays2600 Words   |  11 Pagesliving, and is inescapable; as it portrays many forms and directly influences each individual. Maston (p.4, 2014) defines globalisation as an ‘increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental, political and cultural change’. This complex global system can be incorporated, embraced or rejected by a local culture. However, throughout humanity’s existence, unique locations, beliefs, values and way of living are disturbed by the proliferationRead MoreThe Joys Of Motherhood Summary1253 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"The Joys of Motherhood† Emecheta talks about the issues of women oppressing western culture during precolonial and post-colonial periods in Nigeria. Nigerian herself, Emecheta describes how women tried to fight against gender inequality, sexual difference, the need to belong an d be accepted by society based on ‘class’ in 1900s. Even though, Emecheta doesn’t point out that there’s a danger of a single story in The Joys of Motherhood, when it comes to understanding world literature one needs toRead MoreWesternization Is The Result Of The Contact Between Western And Non Western Cultures962 Words   |  4 PagesWesternization is the result of the contact between western and non-western cultures. Beginning in the fifteenth century and playing out until the nineteenth century, colonialism and neo-imperialism by means of the Euro-Atlantic economy’s authority, played a major part in the spread of western culture. For example, even after decolonizing and becoming their own countries with their own governance, many former-colonies adopted aspects of western politics, even if they firmly opposed other aspectsRead MoreStructural Adjustment Programs And Its Impact On Ghana s Human Development2653 Words   |  11 Pageswhen develope d nations flourished through the exploitation of the global south, creating a structure that places developed nations as the key players of the world. Although colonialism came to an end just after the Second World War, it gave birth to a new system called neoliberalism, which encompasses a new form of colonialism. This saw the introduction of transnational institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organization (WTO), and the World Bank. These institutionsRead MoreCritical Theory2567 Words   |  11 Pages2 theories from Semester 1 and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the theories’ application. In this essay two theories will be examined in regards to their advantages and disadvantages, when applied. For this, Feminism and Post-Colonialism will be used, as both theories unite in their aim to deconstruct the dominant ideologies and stereotypes in a patriarchal and imperialistic ‘white European male ’ dominated society, thus overthrowing centuries of colonization, subordination, marginalizationRead MoreCritical Theory2551 Words   |  11 PagesChoose 2 theories from Semester 1 and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the theories’ application. In this essay two theories will be examined in regards to their advantages and disadvantages, when applied. For this, Feminism and Post-Colonialism will be used, as both theories unite in their aim to deconstruct the dominant ideologies and stereotypes in a patriarchal and imperialistic ‘white European male ’ dominated society, thus overthrowing centuries of colonization, subordination, marginalizationRead More The Marxist Formula in Emechetas The Joys of Motherhood Essay4895 Words   |  20 Pagestriggered vast change within the tribal civilizations thriving on the continent prior to European occupation. For the Africans, these changes altered every level of their culture: language, religion, as well as ancient tribal customs. But one of the most devastating aspects of the British colonization in Africa was the European economic system: capitalism. Capitalism left many Africans reeling from its destructive impact on tribal economies. Nowhere is this more evident th an in The Joys of MotherhoodRead MoreEast African Culture Reflects on Their Drama Using Aminata, Echoes of Silence and I Will Marry When I Want as Case Study12168 Words   |  49 PagesEKITI STATE UNIVERSITY ADO - EKITI FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND LITERARY STUDIES AN ASSIGNMENT ON: ELS 226 (MODERN AFRICAN DRAMA) SUBMITTED BY : GROUP 4 QUESTION: THE CULTURE OF THE PEOPLE DETERMINES ITS DRAMA. DISCUSS THE EAST AFRICAN EXPERIENCE AS EXEMPLIFY IN FRANCES LIMBULGA’S AMMATA, NGUGI WA THIONGO’ S I WILL MARRY WHEN I WANT AND JOHN RUGANDA’S ECHOES OF SILENCE. LECTURER-IN-CHARGE: DR OLANIYAN MRS LIST OF GROUP MEMBERS. OGUNFEIBO AYOKUNLE O 1002630 IBITOYE

Essay The Importance of Book Xi to the Odyssey - 1191 Words

In the beginning of Book XI, Odysseus goes to Hades where people confront him from his past, present and future. He is confused and dazed and seems to change as the different characters address him. All of the elements of Book XI show that it is the most pivotal book in Odysseuss voyage homeward and in the development of his character. In Book XI, Homer reinforces major themes that repeat through the rest of the story that show Odysseus he can get home using the ideas seen throughout the text. Hospitality is a theme in Book XI that occurs in many of the other books of The Odyssey. The soldiers give hospitality toward Hades and Persephone though their sacrifices so that Odysseus can visit the Underworld. This is an example of irony in the†¦show more content†¦This book unites characters and events from the past, present, and future to help Odysseus see why he needs to get home quickly. Odysseuss mother is the most important character from the past with whom Odysseus reunites. Odysseus did not know his mother died while he was away and found out while he was looking for Teiresias. Odysseus states, now came the soul of Antikleia, dead, my motherÂ…seeing this ghost I grieved (187). She asks him how he came to Hades, a place that is no sight for living eyes (190). Odysseus tells her he came to see Teiresias , then asks her about the rest of his family. She tells him Penelope is grieving for him and his son has taken over his kingdom. Odysseus then asks, what was the bane that pinned you down in Death? (190). She answers that she died of a broken heart, longing for her son to return. This conversation is a direct link to Odysseuss past. Homer uses the character of Elpenor, one of his soldier, as a voice of the present. Elpenor tells Odysseus that he died while drunk on Kirkes roof. This is not only significant but also ironic: Odysseus is on a ship with his men and yet does not know that one of his own men is dead. This shows Odysseus may be a good warrior but not a good leader. The only thing that Elpenor asks for from Odysseus is to bury him because he is in limbo and needs to move on. Odysseus replies, saying, Unhappy spirit, I promise you the barrow and the burial (187). As toShow MoreRelatedThe Odyssey By The Homer1976 Words   |  8 PagesThe Odyssey is known as one of the greatest western literature in the world. The book covers many details of the relationship between Gods and humans. The author focuses on Odyssey honor, honesty, bravery, creativity, and nobility. Though the Odyssey has received many criticisms compare to the author other best work such as The Iliad, it has also been praised for its sophistication, complexity and thematic consistency. The book talks about Odysseus journey home to find his son and wife. It also talksRead MoreOdysseus To The Greek Underworld Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pagesrituals and the conversations that took place between Odysseus and the ghosts. In addition, the essay put light on the idea of immortality. 2. Significance of the Rituals and Odysseus’ Conversations with the Inhabitants of Underworld In book eleven of Homer s Odyssey, the Nekyia, the writer gives a look into the Greek underworld, as it was seen from Homeric circumstances and sometime recently, around the start of the Archaic period. Homer s works are the first to be recorded at this point, howeverRead MoreMemory vs Forgetting in the Odyssey Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many themes of forgetting and remembering in the Odyssey of Homer. When you have a great love for someone or something it shall never be forgotten. Both Penelope and Odysseus show the importance of memory throughout The Odyssey of homer over and over again. The theme of memory and forgetting does not show only love between Penelope and Odysseus but also an important principle in the upkeep of the correct social interactions. Penelope tells the singer Phemios that she does not want toRead MoreNot Always the Hero Essay2006 Words   |  9 Pagesin movies, on television, in books, and in reality. A hero can be anyone from a friend to a fictional character. To be considered a hero, one must make selfless sacrifices, develop and learn, overcome challenges and temptations, and ultimately present their known world with a gift of any kind. Homer’s The Odyssey paints a picture of the supposed savior Odysseus. The irony of Odysseus’ situation is that he really is not the marvelous hero that many who read The Odyssey see him to be. When imaginingRead MoreThe Odyssey As A Great Hero2558 Words   |  11 Pages Throughout the Odyssey Odysseus’ plays the â€Å"godlike† hero which set the standards for values and traits of the Homeric Greek man. Using his cunning intellect and valiant heroism to finds his way home after many trials and tribulations. During his travel home Odysseus gains knowledge about other peoples culture and about different lands throughout Greece. He learns from his own suffering and the mistakes he had made. Odysseus started his journey as the King of Ithaca and the warrior of all warriorsRead MoreEssay on Odysseus the Hero1570 Words   |  7 Pagesformidable challenge, he cannot be considered a hero. Lastly, a hero candidate must overcome challenges that defy the odds. He must deliver a gift to society that benefits society as a whole; such gifts can be freedom, liberty, or hope. Odysseus in The Odyssey, by Homer, fulfilled these requirements and rightfully earned the title of a hero. Odysseus is well deserving of the title hero because he has put th e needs of others before his own, shown signs of courage in the face of adversity, and displays humilityRead MoreEssay about The Women of the Aeneid1745 Words   |  7 PagesThe Roman epic of Virgils Aeneid describes the hardship and misadventures of Aeneas and the Trojans quest from Troy to Italy. Like Homer’s famous epics, the Iliad and Odyssey, Virgil’s narrative style and structure portrays similar attributes in the finding of Rome. Aeneas encounters several women on his journey who play a significant role throughout this epic in assisting or destroying his journey to Rome. His representation of female characters provides the readers with a better understandingRead MoreEssay about The Heroism of Odysseus2368 Words   |  10 Pagestrue heroism is and following it only then will they become heroes even though each of them has different traits. In the epic poem The Odyssey, by Homer, Odysseus gains the title of hero during his journey back to Ithaka, from Troy, by p roving to be one. It is through his characteristics and experiences that he becomes the well developed man at the end of the book. In truth, because of his confidence, loyalty, and difficult struggles, Odysseus becomes a genuine hero to the people he defended. Odysseus’sRead More The Thought-experiments in Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse Five or the Childrens Crusade: A Duty Da3375 Words   |  14 Pagesmillion people (Klinkowitz x-xi). As a prisoner of war, Vonnegut was forced to participate as a corpse miner in the citys cleanup process. Upon his return from the Second World War, Vonnegut decided to write a book describing his traumatic war experiences. After twenty years of struggling with research, failing to recall personal experiences, and publishing two novels and countless short stories, Kurt Vonnegut finally published-as what he frequently refers to as-the book about Dresden. It was titledRead MoreEavan Boland and Eilean Ni Chuilleanain Poetry Analysis2557 Words   |  10 PagesAnother topic that both Ni Chuilleanain and Boland use in order to redefine femininity and explore previously unchartered possibilities, is the motif of the journey. In the title poem of her collection The Second Voyage, Ni Chuilleanain takes book XI of The Odyssey and writes an altered, more feministic version of events. In relation to Tiresias’ prediction about Odysseus’ final voyage, Ni Chuilleanain imagines it as a battle against the feminine elements of the sea. In the original version, Homer ends

Social Issues in Hedda Gabler Essay Example For Students

Social Issues in Hedda Gabler Essay Social Issues in Hedda Gabler Essay It has been suggested that Hedda Gabler is a drama about the individual psyche a mere character study. It has even been written that Hedda Gabler presents no social theme (Shipley 333). On the contrary, I have found social issues and themes abundant in this work. The character of Hedda Gabler centers around society and social issues. Her high social rank is indicated from the beginning, as Miss Tesman says of Hedda, General Gablers daughter. What a life she had in the generals day! (Ibsen 672). Upon Heddas first appearance, she makes many snobbish remarks. First, she turns up her nose at Georges special handmade slippers. Later she insults Aunt Julies new hat, pretending to mistake it for the maids. Hedda seems to abhor everything about George Tesman and his bourgeoisie existence. She demands much more class than he has been able to provide her, for she was the beautiful, charming daughter of General Gabler and deserved nothing but the finest. As the character of Hedda Gabler develops, the reader learns that she has only married George Tesman because her fathers passing away left her no significant financial resources, nothing but a respectable heritage. She tells Brack of her decision to marry Tesman: ;I really had danced myself out, Judge. My time was up. And George Tesman he is after all a thoroughly acceptable choice. Theres every chance that in time he could still make a name for himself. . ..It was certainly more than my other admirers were willing to do for me, Judge. (Ibsen 684). Hedda needed someone to support her financially, and George Tesman was the only decent man to propose to her. She was forced to cross beneath her social class and marry this commoner in the hopes that he would make a name for himself as a professor. As for love everlasting, Hedda disgustedly comments to Judge Brack, ;Ugh dont use that syrupy word! Rather than having become a happy newlywed who has found true love, Hedda is trapped in a marriage of convenience (Shipley 445). Hedda was raised a lady of the upper class, and as such she regards her beauty with high esteem. This is, in part, the reason she vehemently denies the pregnancy for so long. A pregnancy will force her to gain weight and lose her lovely womanly figure. Hedda has grown accustomed to her many admirers; therefore, Hedda is perturbed and embarrassed when George says to Aunt Julie, ;But have you noticed how plump and buxom shes grown? How much shes filled out on the trip?; (Ibsen 676). ;Im exactly as I was when I left, insists an annoyed Hedda (Ibsen 676). To Hedda, pregnancy is a despicable curse. It will make her unattractive, and she will no longer be the talk of the town. For a lady who has been forced to depend on her beauty to attract a suitable husband after the generals death, this is a crushing threat. In Act II, Judge Brack gently suggests to Hedda that a child might relieve her from the mundane existence she has been enduring with Tesman. Calling motherhood her ;most solemn responsibility,; Judge Brack delicately hints that she will be having a child within the year. ;Be quiet! Youll never see me like that! she exclaims. I have no talent for such things, Judge. I wont have responsibilities!; (Ibsen 687). Judge Brack has reminded Hedda of what she already knew the pregnancy. Her fear of becoming undesirable resurfaces, and she explodes in anger and denial. Even in death, Hedda cherishes beauty. In discussing the planned suicide with Eilert, she instructs him, ;Eilert Lovborg listen to me. .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070 , .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070 .postImageUrl , .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070 , .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070:hover , .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070:visited , .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070:active { border:0!important; } .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070:active , .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070 .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u04c6fe3d31b68269e387b0360d173070:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: European Animals- The Major Pa Essay Couldnt you arrange that that its done beautifully? (Ibsen 703). She then reminds him twice more in the following lines to take his life beautifully. Still, upon his death he is shot in the stomach at a brothel, not at all as beautifully as Hedda had intended. In the final lines of the play, Hedda finally gets the beautiful ending she romanticizes. She takes her own life, shooting herself in the temple as she lies stretched out on the .

Sandro Botticelli Example For Students

Sandro Botticelli Biography Outline1 Biography2 Key Ideas in Painting3 Most Famous Artworks of Great Italian Renaissance Artist3.1 The Birth of Venus3.2 The Adoration of the Magi3.3 Madonna of the Pomegranate Biography On the highest pinnacle of glory, Sandro Botticelli was regarded as one of the most esteemed and honored Italian painters. Although this unique artist lived and worked during the period of the early Renaissance, the majority of his works of art has been truly appreciated during the preceding centuries. Such a great number of the unique characteristics of the artworks created by the Italian Renaissance painter will is the main reason why the personality of Sandro Botticelli, as well as his artistic legacy, will never be forgotten. Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, who is known as Sandro Botticelli, was born in the city of Florence situated in a gorgeous Italian region. The interesting thing that should be mentioned is the fact that this Florence is often named as the birthplace of the Renaissance. In turn, the majority of the researchers studying this cultural movement argues that Florence remains the center of the Renaissance art and its architecture. Although the actual birth date of Sandro Botticelli is unknown, a number of scholars working in the field of art claim that the prominent Italian painter was born in the period between 1444 and 1446. It is a well-known fact that Sandro Botticelli was an apprentice to a goldsmith who called the artist ‘Botticelli’ that means ‘a little barrel’. Then, the young shaver attended the studio of Fra Filippo Lippi, who was a distinguished Italian Renaissance artist as well. Lippi taught the young Botticelli how to make the paintings on frescoes and how to create the drawings on the wooden panels. At the beginning of his promising career, Sandro Botticelli painted the numerous frescoes for the churches and cathedrals in Florence. During that period, he worked with Antonio del Pollaiuolo, an Italian artist and engraver, and since 1470, the renowned painter had been working in his own workshop. In 1510, at the age of 65, Sandro Botticelli passed away. He was buried outside with the Ognissanti Church with the members of his family. Key Ideas in Painting First of all, during the years of his artistic success, Sandro Botticelli demonstrated a conservative approach to painting. Another important feature that should be mentioned is the greatest color set among the painters working during the second half of the 15th  century. The most common pigments included the verdigris (copper green), cinnabar, ultramarine, red, malachite, red lake, and carbon black. However, while creating his artworks, Sandro Botticelli mainly used three basic colors red, white, and yellow. As it was mentioned above, Botticelli was greatly influenced by his first teacher Filippino Lippi. The evidence of such a significant impact can be found in the paintings of the Italian Renaissance artist. If you are interested, pay attention to the linear style, subtle colors of pigment, and the idealized, as well as a slightly melancholic, image of the feminine beauty. The important thing that should be noted is the fact that the painting style of Botticelli was highly influenced by the other Italian Renaissance artists that included Domenico Ghirlandaio, Perugino, and Verrocchio. While developing his distinct painting style, the Italian painter focused his attention on the religious and mythological themes. Most Famous Artworks of Great Italian Renaissance Artist It is a common knowledge that the creative legacy of the prominent Italian Renaissance painter includes a significant number of the drawings. The interesting thing that should be mentioned is the fact that the major part of paintings created by Sandro Botticelli is related to the theological and mythological themes. .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 , .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .postImageUrl , .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 , .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01:hover , .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01:visited , .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01:active { border:0!important; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01:active , .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01 .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u28ab7d5b3cec3e68d2db6958451aad01:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Giotto di BondoneList of Famous Religious Paintings: Coronation of the Virgin (1490); BarnabasAltarpiece (1488); Adoration of the Magi(1476); Augustine(1488); Adoration of the Kings(1473); The Madonna of the Pomegranate (1487); The Madonna of the Magnificat(1482). List of Famous Mythological Paintings: Primavera(  1477–82), Pallas and the Centaur(  1485), Venus and Mars  (  1485) The Birth of Venus  (  1485) The Calumny of Apelles (  1495). The Birth of Venus This particular painting was created as a wedding present for the Medici family. The interesting thing that this drawing was one of the first attempts of the artist to use tempera on canvas. At first glance, it may seem that Sandro Botticelli created this masterpiece on the basis of the Roman legend entitled ‘The Birth of Venus’. Although this painting has a strong relation to the Ancient Roman mythology, the artist introduced his own form of visual poetry. The reason for this issue is the fact that the setting depicted in the picture and the plot of the classical poem have almost nothing in common. And if you look carefully, you may notice that this painting is created by means of the linear technique. In this case, Sandro Botticelli attempted to avoid using shade or light. The Adoration of the Magi ‘The Adoration of the Magi’ is another famous painting that was created by Sandro Botticelli in 1475. In the picture, the author depicted the members of the Medici family. Some researchers believe that this masterpiece emphasizes a great significance of the Medici family that made a great contribution to the culture of the Renaissance period. What is more, the members of the Medici family were regarded as the patrons of the Italian Renaissance art. However, when you look at the painting, the first thought that comes to your mind is that, in this work of art, Botticelli represented the religious theme as well. This drawing reveals one of the most important scenes that can be found in the Bible. In the painting, we can see three wise men or ‘Magi’ kneel in worship before the Holy Family (Christ, Mary and Joseph) and offer them gifts. You may have noticed that the original author of this painting depicted himself on the far right-hand side. Madonna of the Pomegranate ‘Madonna of the Pomegranate’ is the following famous artwork of Botticelli that was created in 1487. It is evident that this painting implies a particular religious motivation.

Un Kyoto Protocol free essay sample

The  Kyoto Protocol  is an amendment to the  United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change  (UNFCCC), an international treaty intended to bring countries together to reduceglobal warming  and to cope with the effects of temperature increases that are unavoidable after 150 years of industrialization. The provisions of the Kyoto Protocol are legally binding on the ratifying nations, and stronger than those of the UNFCCC. Countries that ratify the Kyoto Protocol agree to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, HFCs and PFCs. The countries are allowed to use emissions trading to meet their obligations if they maintain or increase their greenhouse gas emissions The Kyoto Protocol sets specific emissions reduction targets for each industrialized nation, but excludes developing countries. To meet their targets, most ratifying nations would have to combine several strategies:   * place restrictions on their biggest polluters manage transportation to slow or reduce emissions from automobiles * make better use of renewable energy sources—such as solar power, wind power, and biodiesel—in place of fossil fuels Background The Kyoto Protocol was negotiated in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997. We will write a custom essay sample on Un Kyoto Protocol or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was opened for signature on March 16, 1998, and closed a year later. Under terms of the agreement, the Kyoto Protocol would not take effect until 90 days after it was ratified by at least 55 countries involved in the UNFCCC. Another condition was that ratifying countries had to represent at least 55 percent of the world’s total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990. The first condition was met on May 23, 2002, when Iceland became the 55th country to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. When Russia ratified the agreement in November 2004, the second condition was satisfied, and the Kyoto Protocol entered into force on February 16, 2005. As a U. S. presidential candidate, George W. Bush promised to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Shortly after he took office in 2001, however, President Bush withdrew U. S. support for the Kyoto Protocol and refused to submit it to Congress for ratification. Rationale of UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner. Concluding Remarks While international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol are certainly a step in the right direction in that they raise awareness about the severity of global climate change, they are not a complete solution and will not solve the problem alone. Real results and improvements will be seen when fundamental reductions in energy consumption and changes in lifestyle are achieved on an individual level across the globe. Continue by reading about  What You Can Do  to contribute towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving your lifestyle. The Effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol Kyoto Protocol has several provisions and established mechanisms concerning technology transfer which is supposed to favoring technology transfer for reducing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the world. However, mainly due to the flaws of the provisions and mechanisms, the environmentally sound technologies have not been transferred as smoothly as possible to realize the Kyoto Protocol’s objectives. Therefore, the international community shall take the effectiveness of Kyoto Protocol as a fresh impetus to consummate the legal system of international technology transfer, that is, developing a uniform technology transfer agreement under the WTO with a focus on promoting environmentally sound technology, which may make the developing countries to acquire the technologies they need under the fair conditions and help them build their capacities to develop in a sustainable manner. China does not need to perform the obligation of reducing GHG emission until 2013 according to Kyoto Protocol, but recautions shall be taken to improve its legal systems on technology transfer to make preparations for implementing the policy of scientific development and playing roles in related international legislation. Impact on Spain of Meeting the Kyoto Commitment in 2008-2012 Impact on Delivered Prices to Households and Industry Meeting the Kyoto Protocol target in 2008-2012 through a combination of do mestic actions plus purchases of international credits would increase the price of home heating oil by more than 32%. Consumers would also pay more for gasoline and diesel. If the Spain participates in the Kyoto Protocol’s economy-wide emission reduction program, prices for industry would rise dramatically. Spanish industries would pay more than 42% more for natural gas and 24% more for electricity than under the baseline projection. Under the assumption that the Kyoto Protocol’s emission targets are made even more stringent in the post-2012 period, the impact on household heating oil prices would rise to more than 43% above the baseline estimate by 2025. Gasoline and diesel prices would rise substantially, between 15-19% by 2025. Impact on Energy Consumption In general, the percentage reduction in energy demand would not need to be as large as the required percentage reduction in carbon emissions because not all Btus of energy have the same carbon content. Additionally, purchase of international CO2 credits means that foreign CO2 reductions lessen the need for domestic reductions, thereby avoiding some domestic reductions in energy used. However, use of international credits does have consequences, as companies pass the cost of the international credit onto final consumers of energy via higher prices. Implementation of a limit on carbon dioxide emissions via an international carbon dioxide allowance trading system would result in the following impacts. November 2005 Global Insight, Inc. Page 12 Domestic Sector: The dramatically higher energy prices would force consumers to cut their consumption of energy. Since there is only limited opportunity to substitute more energy efficient appliances and furnaces for the period 2008- 2012, consumers would reduce their consumption of energy services. Longer term, consumers would attempt to replace some of these services by replacing their energy consuming equipment. Industry Sector: Industry would respond to the dramatically higher prices through several mechanisms. First, industry would reduce energy consumption through process change. Second, industry would replace energy-consuming capital with more efficient capital. Third, to the extent possible, production of energy intensive goods would move to non-participating countries. Power Sector: The power sector would be hard hit under these scenarios. The imposition of carbon permits would lead to extremely large increases in the delivered price of electricity, particularly to the industrial sector. Imposition of ever decreasing carbon permit levels would set in motion dramatic changes in this sector. Coal use would decline, slowly at first and then rapidly, as the price drove electricity prices up reducing demand and encouraging the substitution of natural gas or renewables. Investment in natural gas fired generating capacity would alleviate some of the pressure on electricity prices, but with the ever increasing stringency of the target, investment in end-use efficiency would need to be as great or greater than improvements in power supply efficiency. Transportation Sector: The impact on the transportation sector would be significant. However, due to the high taxes already in place on transportation fuels, the percentage change in price due to the addition of the carbon permit fees is less than the change in price in other sectors. Longer run, the permit price would have to be high enough to reduce energy use in this sector as the target tightens. Even assuming an international carbon dioxide emission allowance trading scheme, meeting the Kyoto targets would result in the following: ? Coal, with the highest carbon content of the energy sources, would be the hardest hit. Petroleum would experience the smallest percentage decline of the fossil fuels because of strong demand and limited technology substitution options in the transportation sector over the forecast horizon. ? Natural gas demand would initially increase relative to the baseline as it is substituted for coal and petroleum but ultimately would need to decline as the cutb acks in demand outweigh this substitution effect. ? The demand for renewables would increase in all the cases. ? For this analysis, it was assumed that nuclear and hydroelectric energy would not change. Economic Impacts Output and employment losses would be expected under the Kyoto Protocol because: energy-using equipment and vehicles would be made prematurely obsolete; consumers would be rattled by rapid increases in living costs; and financial ministers would most likely need to target more slack in the economy to deflate non-energy prices and thus stabilize the overall price environment. The analysis assumes that the cost of emission allowances would be passed along to consumers in the form of higher energy prices and ultimately high prices for all goods and services. Consumers’ purchasing power would be reduced by the higher cost of using energy, reducing real disposable income. Consumption and residential fixed investment would be the hardest hit components of real GDP because of the direct loss in real disposable income. The short period to phase in the permit prices (2005-2008) would lead to substantial declines in real consumption from Base Case levels in the 2008-12 period. Imports would strengthen relative to Base Case levels, spurred by the competitive price advantage of non-participating Annex B countries, and non-Annex B countries. Real GDP would fall 3. % (26 billion Euros) on average below Base Case levels during the 2008-12 budget period, and 4. 3% (48 billion Euros) below in 2025 under Case 1 and 5. 6% (63 billion Euros) below under Case 2. The economy’s potential to produce would fall below Base Case levels initially with the cut back in energy usage, since energy is a key factor of production. Stronger investment woul d be required over the longer-term to build capital as a substitute for this lost factor. The decline in consumption and residential fixed investment relative to Base Case levels, however, would have a depressing impact on business fixed investment in the near-term. Annual employment losses are projected to be 611,000 jobs in 2010 in the Spain The percentage reduction in employment relative to Base Case levels would be less than the drop in output. This is due to an increase in the labor-to-output ratio (or a decline in labor productivity) attributed to the permit program. Labor productivity would decline because the other factors of production would be less efficient. Only as investment grows and the capital stock is expanded would productivity begin to improve. Post 2012, if the target emission level under the Kyoto Protocol is maintained, the impact on economic performance would begin to lessen. The extreme change in the energy prices experienced during the years between 2008 and 2012 would not be repeated. While the percentage change in prices relative to the baseline would increase somewhat, the year-over-year change in prices would be reduced. However, achieving even more aggressive targets would take ever larger carbon fees, and would continue to take a significant toll on economic performance. http://www. studymode. com/essays/The-Kyoto-Protocol-Business-Ethics-202293. html

Internet Marketing Exploratory Descriptive and Causal essays

Internet Marketing Exploratory Descriptive and Causal essays One of the most useful aspects of the Internet is its accessibility to the development of new business ideas regarding the gathering and disseminating of information. One Internet marketing aspect that cannot be deployed by a brick and mortar firm, for example, is the use of Internet search engines, such as Google (which has recently gone public' to investors) as a business. In other words, actual portholes to information on the World Wide Web can become businesses and advertising sites themselves. Other aspects of using the Internet for as a way of marketing actual information systems can be found at the Electronic Library, where users can pay a fee to access protected documents in a number of online journals. Access to information very quickly becomes a commodity to be bought and sold, in other words, on the Internet, in a way that it seldom One of the most valuable sources of information as commodities provided by the Internet are the sources of data that can be accessed regarding consumers and why they buy or do not buy products. Individual marketers can send out surveys on the Internet in massive numbers, and through the use of online coupons, for example, give immediate reinforcement for the Website user's time in filling out such surveys, as well as encourage them to purvey the Website's products yet again. As with real-life marketing research and information gathering, there are exploratory, descriptive, and causal research designs that can generate such information regarding Internet consumers to create more effective marketing devices. Exploratory research can take the form of on-line questionnaires, directed, for instance, to those who use a particular Website, asking them about the quality of the site, whether the products accessed were desirable to them, and if the instructions regarding the product, if complicated to use such as computer products...

Electromagnetic Compatibility of Devices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Electromagnetic Compatibility of Devices - Essay Example This paper illustrates that while engineers worked on a large number of devices and their functions in an environment of electromagnetic fields, but still there is the great need for research in this field to come up with substantial human and friendly devices.  The very common example is watching TV every day! If the text message or phone call in the dynamics that are attached to the computer and the TV sound. Prior research on EMC, a lot of cases, such as the sharpness of the speakers sound, noise and stop in alarm systems, distortions in telephone lines, violations of the equipment installed in hospitals, police, schools, and others have been identified. Such problems persist until the end of the twentieth century. Experts like describes the introduction of new products in the last decade of the twentieth century that were compatible with electromagnetic devices, but doubts have remained the same. The required bandwidth for devices for the production of radiation is very high su ch as cell phones (a big emitter), the wireless set of connections, Bluetooth connection and PDAs emit electromagnetic radiation in a wide scale. This is the reason that the number of sensitive locations, such as intensive care units in hospitals, military data, and numbers, etc, is to be free from electromagnetic radiation. As Weston articulates that the devices used to detect fire and smoke, and devices that emit electromagnetic radiation should be studied continuously. Standards and specifications of the system operation are determined in accordance with their work. He also said that as the technology of electromagnetic devices have given a helping hand to the deployment of fire and smoke detection systems. Reducing Electromagnetic Compatibility, EMC is the word used to detail how well the equipment or system can function in its electromagnetic environment without inserting Electromagnetic trouble that line with other electric supply to the atmosphere. Electronic equipment that c an run and convergence criteria are called EMC devices.

Compare and contrast the consequences of World Wars 1 and 2 for the Essay

Compare and contrast the consequences of World Wars 1 and 2 for the United States and its citizens - Essay Example The overall losses incurred by US as a result of its involvement in war were however, small as compared to the massive destruction faced by Europe. One of the most important consequences of the World War 1 was the increase in military posture of America in the world. Over the period of the war, US established itself as one of the suppliers of military equipment to the allies and established itself as one of the emerging manufacturing economy of the world. War also resulted into massive transfer of wealth from Europe to America as US not only provided equipment and military support but also offered loans. As a result of this, American economy got a boost as transfer of wealth has resulted into increased revenue for the government and also created jobs. At the social level, for Americans, war however, brought significant racial differences and social divisions. German Americans were harassed as well as racial tension gripped specially the migration of Southern Blacks. On home front, World War 1 therefore was something which further highlighted the differences between Americans within American society. Overall economic progressed was witnessed by the Americans as farmers put in more and more acreage to the use of the crops which were being readily sold. Gross farm income increased and as a result of this, the overall prosperity increased for ordinary Americans despite the fact that War has also brought losses in terms of shifting most of the government resources to the war. Though Second World War was fought far from the American borders but it believed to have created more lasting impacts on the American society as compared to the impact First World War had. In terms of the overall impact, second Great War had more serious and far reaching consequences for US. It is important to note that US was largely unprepared for Second World War and was forced to enter into the war when it was attacked by Japan. In first

Week 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 4 - Essay Example Although the changes will affect my personal life in an apparent negative way, it will save on my money and also on the local water supply as a whole. Concerning the local water supply, my strategy would be to reduce the amount of water delivered to my homestead and this would also imply a reduction of electricity cost for the local supplier. As a general strategy of water saving for the whole region, I would suggest the recycling of water. This might appear as a hard nut to crack but the water that goes to waste on a daily basis is even more than we could ever imagine. For instance, the water used to wash dishes could be used to water the kitchen garden. However, there are cons and pros of this method. Starting with cons, it should be said that this method requires use of washing buckets instead of washing sink to make it easier to retrieve the water. There is no doubt it is a big nuisance. Also, the method will require more than just throwing the water on the garden. Moreover, it is required to sieve the water of unnecessary material before using it for watering. Taking the total household use as 272 gallons, considering each gallon to be about 8.3 lbs in weight, then carrying the water home from a distant source would mean carrying about 2257.6 lbs per day per person. This is incredible but it happens every day in the developing countries. This difference, which is quite big, can be attributed to water wastage like that in the bathroom. It can also happen due to the use of machines not designed within the concepts of water saving

Fitness Levels In Circuit Training Physical Education Essay

Fitness Levels In Circuit Training Physical Education Essay The chosen activity for this assignment is circuit training.Circuit training improves general fitness which is health-related and specific fitness,for a specific activity; here circuit training.In pursuing such activity I may improve both my strength and cardiovascular fitness.Circuit training is essentially structured exercise.Aerobic fitness,strength and flexibility are all improved pursuing circuit training.Incorporated into such an exercise structure are fixed weights/machine stations which isolate specific muscle groups.A complete exercise set is achieved within a given period of time,usually 20 minutes.An uninterrupted flow of activity from machine to machine may enable proper gain of aerobic benefit.The heart is pumping at a steady high level. Every gym session will consist of a warm-up with mobility exercises;ending with the cool-down.Each exercise station exercises a different muscle group from the last.The whole session should last one hour.(Pollock et al.,1998) Circuit training should not occur on consecutive days,two or three visits to the gym per week being sufficient.Selection of correct weights,repetitions and positions is necessary to minimise occurrence of injury and to achieve desired fitness objectives. Aerobic endurance is exercised by completing a circuit as quickly as possible.Significant gains may occur for strength,muscular endurance and flexibility.Physical fitness consists of components.These are aerobic endurance,strength,speed,flexibility,muscular endurance,power and agility.Training programmes may be customized to improve on a selection of these.The most important aspects applicable to circuit training are aerobic endurance;muscular endurance,and flexibility. When the body performs for a prolonged period of time with a low work rate aerobic endurance comes to the fore;such a training will condition the heart and lungs to function more efficiently.Choosing a work-out on the rowing machine for some 20 minutes as an example;this cardiovascular ergometer is very effective in establishing a proper base of muscular endurance that initiates improvement in other components of fitness. Muscular endurance is a function of aerobic endurance without whose supply of oxygen it could not rapidly perform.It is defined as a single muscle or group performing recurrently against variable resistance.For example dumbbell(DB) lunges or shoulder press with a barbell(BB).Body resistance circuit training that includes both free and fixed weights is well suited to improve muscular endurance. Usually overlooked is flexibility,the range of motion(ROM) at a joint or series of joints.This component however is vital in the prevention of inadvertent injury.It is sufficient to perform the warm up including mobility exercises(developing a full range of movement[ROM]) and cool down stretches;all being required for a main session of gym activity. My gym circuit therefore is comprised of a warm-up lasting 5 minutes on a suitable cardiovascular machine eg the treadmill, that simulates a walking gait exercise aerobically.This is followed by the set of mobility exercises(not stretches) to loosen my joints and produce more synovial fluid;gently and rhythmically exercising.This is still aerobic.There follows a set of stretches to prepare the main muscle groups of the body for an imminent main activity session.These too are aerobic;not as intense yet steady,controlled,positioned for some ten seconds. The main cardiovascular machine chosen for a full work-out of at least twenty minutes is the rowing machine,which exercises all main muscle groups with the heart as target muscle. A customized programme working the rower will produce an aerobic curve with a rising and falling RPE[rate of perceived exertion 0-10 on the Borg Scale](Gunnar Borg(1973) validated by(Kang et al.2003)also (Steed,Gaesser,and Weltman 1994) Aerobic contribution is present in the Cool down using a different cardiovascular machine followed by stretches including some that are developmental;included to improve flexibility in the bigger muscles eg the hamstrings(ACSM,2006) As I want to improve my strength and endurance it is important that I obtain profile data from the apparatus and exercises outlined above so that I can clearly see whether I am making any improvements from when I began. The Principles of Training should be applicable to every exercise and sporting category.Individuals and teams then have specific objectives and goals to aim for in their training schedules.Else, all would be blindfolded resulting in overtraining,burn out and poor performance results. Demands on the body higher than the norm comprise what is known as Overload that in turn has related factors of intensity(how hard);duration(how long);type(sport/activity);frequency(how often). Frequency is self-explanatory,often resulting in a higher level of performance. As workload steps up so does intensity.Heavier weights,longer stretches.Such results take time.Overload may be achieved with a higher number of repetitions or performing the same with reduced time-spans. The body is a natural adapter to overloading,so training should be progressive to prompt a response.When this occurs improvement is tangible especially at the beginning.As sets increase muscle strength and endurance increase. It is important not to be too slow in progression. Biceps curls for example.If working with 10 lb weights taking it to 3-4 sets at 15 reps before muscle fatigue is experienced then it is better to do 2 sets of 15 lb weights. Specificity of a chosen,pursued activity needs to be understood.What am I training for? This is very important and relevant for strength training.Exercise has to be specific for each muscle group and strength type required.Balance has also to be included and therefore other exercises of a general nature such as the squat provide an excellent base for development of specific exercise. A training programme must cater/customize to the special, specific requirements of the participant.(Sharkey and Greatzer 1993).Working with dumbbells and the barbell,that is the free weights will improve muscular strength but will not significantly effect transport of oxygen to the muscles.Many sports have similar components of fitness and therefore it is quite feasible for transference of specifics from one to another. The opposite of Progression is Reversibility.Training and performance when falling off will signal to the body for an appropriate response.Aerobic capacity diminishes rapidly with no exercise(Coyle,Hemmert,and Coggan 1986) also (Saltin et al.,1968) Muscular endurance with muscles no longer used falls away three times more rapidly than when gained.Performance of skills may be affected through physical deterioration(Greenleaf et al.1976) A number of training methods exist designed for the different fitness components.Circuit training may be viewed as interval training containing high-intensity anaerobic periods with weights and low-intensity aerobic periods of recovery.This training method is able to improve specific areas of the body for muscular endurance.A circuit improves both aerobic fitness and strength thereby providing for much needed conditioning.Aerobic training also involves continuous/steady state training(McArdle et al.,2006)Other methods consist of interval(McArdie et al.,2006) and fartlek training.Flexibility training incorporates both passive and active,static stretching;dynamic and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) stretching. Suitable to my requirements is a muscular endurance circuit.This will enable me to withstand fatigue,hold to a given position,and to perform repeated muscular contractions for a given period of time.Selection of appropriate exercises needs a central focus of balanced muscle groups.Improvement of cardiovascular exercise and muscular endurance exercise may be achieved by alternating them within a circuit programme.The back squat for instance utilises many muscle groups,that work simultaneously.A main cardiovascular work-out,for example, requires at least 20 minutes on the rower, being correctly positioned within the circuit.The remaining floor-based stretches are performed at the end of the gym session.This saves the heart rate from decreasing too much. Progression and overload are important to consider when a circuit training programme is being planned. The principle of overload indicates your body systems must be stressed beyond their normal levels of activity if they are to improve.(Williams 1993:18).Progression can be maintained simply by increasing the number of repetitions per exercise; reducing the recovery period(secs) between each set of exercises;increasing the resistance of the exercises by weight . Stimulation is applied using the principles of overload and progression during circuit training so that adaptation may occur. Overload is delivered by adjusting one or more of the FITT principles.Frequency(how often);Intensity(how hard);Time(how long);Type(suiting sport/activity). Principles are usually installed in most matters and physical activity is no exception. The principles of training are the rules to follow when using physical activity programmes.Sound and useful training takes into consideration all of the principles and their effects on the body;being essential to the planning of the training programme so that the participant is able to improve their fitness level. Fitness levels vary from person to person so the training needs be systematic taking into account individual needs ; variables of difficulty or intensity are set at the personal level. An example from the free weights exercises for progression/adaptation is the Biceps Curl with barbell(BB).Apart from applying a progressively greater weight performance may be effected through different ranges of motion i.e. halfway up and down.All the way up and halfway down;up again and all the way down;all the way up and down.An example of an adaptation for a fixed weight machine is substituting the seated row for the lateral pull down.Again the seated cable row may be substituted by the single arm row with a dumbbell(DB).Or the Triceps pull down (cable) by selection of a Triceps extension with butterfly grip(DB). It may be necessary to increase aerobic fitness and if so, use of one of the cardio-vascular machines is ideal. A most satisfactory work-out can be experienced with the rowing machine that works all major muscle groups with the heart as the target muscle,enabling safe non-impact exercise safe-guarding joint integrity,and if worked with the correct technique even for those with problems in the lower back can still be safe. If aerobic fitness needs to be increased interval training is very effective when inserted into circuit training.Intervals of very rapid rowing(RPE 8) are followed by recovery periods(RPE 5) [ see Appendix] The term can refer to any cardiovascular workout;for example,rowing,involving very short stints of nearly optimum effort and periods of much lower intensity.The aerobic capacity of the participant improves and enables an extended period of delivery at variable intensity.Fat loss is more efficiently dealt with. With no correction or improvement reversibility occurs.Having ceased training the body loses its conditioning and strength and also endurance.This is relevant to myself as I am pursuing a cardiovascular, strength and endurance programme.A study has been made of cessation of physical activity;in this case an Olympic rower.It was 20 weeks before he was able to resume his activity following an eight week convalescence. The detraining and retraining of an elite rower:a case study.J Sci Med Sport 2005;8;3:314-320. It is recommended there should be no more than three weeks interval since last specific activity. A state of complete fitness involvesthemental,emotional,nutritional,social and medical,not only the physical. How we enjoy life;attention towards any diet at all;how we deal with stress;our emotional world;communicative ability;requirements for relaxation and also of course physical fitness.Circuit training is one of a number of ways to improve components towards a state of complete fitness. Word count 1,732 References: Pollock,M.L.,Gaesser,G.A.,Butcher,J.D.,Despres,J.P.,Dishman,R.K.,Franklin,B.A.and Ewing Garber,C.(1998) ACSM position stand:The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness,and flexibility in healthy adults,Medicine Science in Sport Exercise,vol.30,pp.975-91 Borg,G. 1973.Perceived exertion:A note on history and methods.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 5:90-93 Kang,J.,J.Hoffman,H.Walker,E.Chaloupka,and A.Utter.2003.Regulating intensity using perceived exertion during extended exercise periods.European Journal of Applied Physiology 89:475-482 Steed,J.,G.Gaesser,and A.Weltman.1994.Rating of perceived exertion and blood lactate concentration during submaximal running.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 26:797-803 American College of Sports Medicine(2006) ACSMs Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription(7th edn0,London,Lippincott,Williams Wilkins Sharkey,B.J.,and D.Greatzer.1993.Specificity of exercise,training and testing.In ACSMs resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription,ed.L.Durstine,A.King,P.Painter,and J.Roitman,82-92.Philadelphia:Lea Febiger Coyle,E.,M.Hemmert,and A.Coggan.1986.Effects of detraining on cardiovascular responses to exercise:Role of blood volume.Journal of Applied Physiology 60:95-99 Saltin,B.,G.Blomqvist,J.H.Mitchell,R.L.Johnson Jr.,K.Wildenthal,and C.B.Chapman.1968.Response to exercise after bed rest and after training.Circulation 38(Suppl.7):1-78 Greenleaf,J.E.,C.J.Greenleaf,D.VanDerveer,and K.J.Dorchak.1976.Adaptation to prolonged bedrest in man:A compendium of research.Washington,DC:National Aeronautics and Space Administration McArdle,W.D.,Katch,F.I. and Katch,V.L.(2006) Essentials of Exercise Physiology (3rd edn),London,McGraw-Hill Williams Melvin H.(1993) Lifetime Fitness Wellness(3rd edn) Brown Benchmartin: Iona The detraining and retraining of an elite rower:a case study, J Sci Med Sport 2005;8;3:314-320 Training Principles[online],Available from:http://www.brianmac.co.uk/trnprin.htm(Accessed 6th March 2011) Fitness Circuit Training[online],Available from http://ezinearticles.com/?Fitness-Circuit-Trainingid=2577578(Accessed 9th March 2011) Aerobic exercise[online],Available from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_exercise(Accessed 7th March 2011) Anaerobic exercise[online],Available from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_exercise(Accessed 7th March 2011) Fitness training[online],Available from http://www.pponline.co.uk/encyc/fitness-training-how-to-design-a -sports-specific-fitn(Accessed 5th March 2011) Aerobic versus Anaerobic[online],Available from http://doctorsexercise.com/journal/aerobic.htm(Accessed 7th March 2011) Anaerobic Exercise vs.Aerobic Exercise Exercise Tips[online],Available from http://www.empowerment-centre.com/Exercise-Tips(Accessed 7th March 2011) Exercise Prescription:eMedicine Sports Medicine[online],Available from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/88648-overview(Accessed 15th January 2011) The Cardiovascular System and Exercise[online],Available from http://www.sport-fitness-advisor.com/cardiovascular-system-and-exercise.html)(Accessed 15th January 2011) Aerobic Interval Training-Learn About Aerobic Interval Training[online],Available from http://exercise.about.com/od/intervaltrainingworkouts/a/Interval-Training_2.htm(A ccessed 9th March 2011) Fundamentals of resistance training:progression and exercise prescription.[online],Available from http://www.mendeley.com/research/fundamentals-of-resistance-training-progression-and-exercise-prescription/(Accessed 8th March 2011) Exercise-Exercise Program-Exercise Prescription[online],Available from http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/fitnessevalandassessment/a/ExPrescription.htm(Accessed 8th March 2011) Beginner Cardio-This 20-Minute Basic Cardio Workout is Perfect for Beginners[online],Available from http://exercise.about.com/library/blbasiccardio2.htm(Accessed 9th March 2011)

Nonviolent Offenders Essay -- essays research papers

Nonviolent Offenders – Is Incarceration the Answer?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"It’s really clear that the most effective way to turn a nonviolent person into a violent one is to send them to prison,† says Harvard University criminologist James Gilligan. The American prison system takes nonviolent offenders and makes them live side-by-side with hardened killers. The very nature of prison, no matter people view it, produces an environment that is inevitably harmful to its residents. America locks up five times more of its' population than any other nation in the world. Due to prison overcrowding, prisoners are currently sleeping on floors, in tents, in converted broom closets and gymnasiums, or even in double or triple bunks in cells, which were designed for one inmate. Why is this happening? The U.S. Judicial System has become so succumbed to the ideal that Imprisonment is the most visibly form of punishment. The current structure of this system is failing terribly. To take people, strip them of their possessions and privacy, expose them to violence on a daily basis, restrict their quality of life to a 5x7ft cell, and deprive them of any meaning to live. This scenario is a standard form of punishment for violent offenders, although not suitable for nonviolent offenders. Today, almost 70% of all prisoners are serving time for nonviolent offenses. U.S. States are spending an average of $100 million per year on new prisons and all U.S. taxpayers front the bill for a system that is not working (Carson). Why should we force taxpayers to pay to keep nonviolent criminals sitting in prison cells where they become bitter, aggressive, and more likely to repeat their offenses when released? The answer is we shouldn’t, there are more reliable forms of punishment available, and rehabilitation and restitution are two alternatives I firmly believe are most effective than incarceration. Nonviolent criminals should be punished differently. This is because nonviolent criminals do not learn from the misery of being in cells with violent inmates. Drug offenders for example are a public health problem, not public safety problem, and nonviolent offenders can be properly educated. We offer convicts no opportunities to learn compassion or take responsibility for what they have done, nor make restitution or offer atonement to their victims in any practical ways. ... ...he certainty of restitution, by requiring monetary payment, takes the profit out of crime (Carson).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most people have the common view that the criminal justice system’s increasing arrests and imprisonment is an effective strategy for reducing crime. If the judicial system makes greater distinction among violent and nonviolent crimes, the prisons will have the vacancies to incarcerate the Jeffery Dahmers of the world in prison for life. By providing alternatives to imprisonment for nonviolent offenders will reduce the burden of taxpayer’s dollars for added funding for construction of new prisons. I know as a College Student I would like to see increased State funding for education system rather than the millions allocated to the prison system of Pennsylvania. Prisons are not places where nonviolent offenders can serve time and then be released a better person, more fit for society. The prison environment is wrong, and as a result a nonviolent offender will leave unimproved. It is my belief that the alternatives of community control programs, rehabilitation programs, and restitution programs are the answers to the sentencing of nonviolent offenders.

Mercedes Benz’s E-Biz Solution Essay

The fact that we would be one of the first car manufacturers in the United States to have a factory delivery program would be seen as a very positive thing in this regard. † – William Engelke, Assistant Manager, IT Systems, Mercedes Benz US International, commenting on the FDRS. Linking Customers By 2000, Mercedes Benz United States International (MBUSI), builder of the high-quality MClass sports utility vehicle (SUV), established itself as a company that also delivered superior customer services. One such service was the delivery option where by the customer could take delivery of the vehicle at the factory in Alabama, US. The program called the Factory Delivery Reservation System (FDRS), enabled MBUSI to create and validate 1800 orders per hour. FDRS also automatically generated material requirements and Bills of Material1 for 35,000 vehicles per hour. The Customer Relationship Management (CRM) solution that made FDRS possible was based on Lotus Domino2 and IBM Netfinity3 server4. Analysts felt that with its innovative use of the new program, MBUSI not only managed to improve its customer relations by providing the best service, but also demonstrated its commitment to customers by making them an integral part of the process. Customers were, in a way linked directly to the factory floor – which was a powerful sales tool. Background: Mbusi and its Business Challenges MBUSI was a wholly-owned subsidiary of DaimlerChrylser AG. 5 In 1993, Daimler Benz realized that the ‘Benz’ brand could be extended to wider market segments. Traditionally, Mercedes Benz6 appealed to older and sophisticated customers only. Daimler Benz wanted to attract customers below 40 years of age, who wanted a rugged vehicle with all the safety and luxury features of a Mercedes. Daimler Benz decided to develop a SUV known as the M-Class. It expected strong demand for the new vehicle and therefore planned to build its first car-manufacturing facility – MBUSI – in the (Tuscaloosa, Alabama) US. The MBUSI facility had many advantages. First, labor costs in the US were almost half that of in Germany. Second, the US was the leading geographic market for SUVs. Third, as the vehicles were assembled in the US, they could be distributed to Canada and Mexico more efficiently. In January 1997, the factory started production at partial capacity and by the end of the year, it was producing at full capacity. By 2000, the factory was rolling out around 380 vehicles per day. The new M-Class „allactivity’vehicle represented a new concept for the company. Also, mass customization required that each vehicle be treated as a separate project, with its own Bill of Material. To deal with these challenges, Daimler Benz decided to implement an enterprise wide Information Technology (IT) system, with the help of IBM Global Services7. To further strengthen the image of Mercedes Benz in the US, MBUSI planned to deliver vehicles at the factory, becoming the first international automobile manufacturer in the US to do so. MBUSI also wanted to enrich the customers’experience. Commented William Engelke, â€Å"The factory delivery option gives Mercedes-Benz customers something that they do not get from other automobile manufacturers which is why we think the program will resonate with our customers. We think that having the factory delivery program available to Mercedes customers adds to the overall experience of the customer. † The Design of FDRS The FDRS program was proposed in the first quarter of 1998. In the third quarter of 1998, MBUSI entered into a contract with IBM. A development team was constituted with IBM Global Solutions specialists and IBM e-commerce developers, who worked closely with MBUSI. The program became operational by the first quarter of 1999. The IT team at MBUSI had a clear set of functional specifications for FDRS. However, they relied on IBM to transform the concept into an e-business solution. The FDRS was designed in such a way that customers buying the M-Class SUV could specify that will take delivery of their new vehicle at the factory. They could place the order at any of the 355 Mercedes Benz dealers in the US. An authorized employee at the dealership entered the factory delivery order the web interface. Timing was the most important aspect of the FDRS’functionality, as it was closely linked with MBUSI’s vehicle production schedule. Mercedes Benz United States of America (MBUSA)8, based in Montvale, NJ, was the first link in the FDRS program. It was the point where the dealer actually placed the order. MBUSA’s role was to coordinate the distribution of vehicles to dealers across the country. Later, it had to add the order to the company’s Baan Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)9system, which scheduled the order for production. About three months before the production date, the dealer could schedule in a window, the date and time of arrival of the customer at the factory for delivery. The window was then automatically computed by the FDRS to give the dealer, the possible delivery dates. Apart from the delivery date, the customer could also specify the accessories for the car and also request a factory tour. FDRS was based on Lotus Domino (Refer Exhibit I), Lotus Enterprise Integrator10 and IBM Netfinity servers. It also interfaced with IBM S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server, Model 9672-R45 located in Montvale, NJ (Refer Figure I). There were two Domino servers – an IBM Netfinity 5500 and an IBM Netfinity 3000. FIGURE I SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF FDRS Source: MBUSI The former that acted as the „internal Domino server’was placed behind a firewall 11. It replicated databases through the firewall to the external server. The replication, which was encrypted, represented the primary means by which the FDRS system achieved security. Netfinity 3000 acted as an „external Domino server. ‘It had public information and was also the primary communication linkage for dealers. The ack-end of the FDRS was equipped with an Oracle database that updated the internal Domino server database with order information. The updation was done using Lotus Enterprise Integrator. The data which was replicated to the internal Domino server included lists of valid dealers and lists of order numbers. When an order was placed by the dealer on the FDRS system, the data was first stored on the external Domino server, a fter which it was replicated to the internal Domino server. Then it was replicated to the back-end database via the Lotus Enterprise Integrator. Data replication between the Lotus Notes servers happened every 15 minutes and data exchange with the back-end database three times per day. There was also a link between the back end database and an IBM S/39012 mainframe based system located at MBUSA via a T113 line. MBUSA managed the flow of vehicles to Mercedes dealers across the United States. This mainframe based system, received new vehicle orders (as opposed to factory delivery reservation requests) from individual dealers. The orders were then sent to MBUSI’s Baan system and also to the back-end database. The vehicle ordering and factory reservation data were coordinated with each other when the back-end database uploaded the data to the internal Domino server. This coordinated the production and delivery information. FDRS Implementation One of the most challenging aspects of the implementation seemed to be the complexity of the Lotus and Domino scripts. The development team had to group all the information from diverse systems. Commented William Engelke, â€Å"There was a substantial amount of very complex coding involved in the FDRS solution. This application involves a lot more than having our dealers fill out a form and submitting it. There are many things the servers have to do for the system to function properly, such as looking at calendars and production schedules. We built a solution with some very advanced communication linkages. † IBM faced many technical challenges during the implementation of the program. One of them was the different timing schemes of the Lotus Notes databases and backend databases (ERP). This led to discrepancies in the data. Domino server was a Near Real Time (NRT) Server14, and MBUSI’s backend activities were both real time15and batch processing16. Also, to get the best results, the Domino server was an optimised subset of the ERP table set17. However, the development team achieved a balance between the two „sides’of the solution by focusing on issues of timing, error detection schemes, and alerts. Customer Satisfaction: FDRS Primary Benefit MBUSI seemed to measure FDRS’success in terms of increased satisfaction of its customers. The company also believed that the marketing and customer satisfaction aspects outweighed the significance of more traditional cost-based benefits. Apart from the factory delivery experience, the program also offered the customer a factory tour and ride on the off-road course at a low cost. The company also seemed to gain strategic marketing benefits from the FDRS program, as it was able to establish Mercedes-Benz as a premium brand. (Refer Table I for advantages of FDRS in different areas). Customers could also visit the various tourist spots in Alabama after picking up their M-class vehicles. TABLE I ADVANTAGES OF THE FDRS PROGRAM AREA Strategic Marketing Benefits Cost Savings ADVANTAGES FDRS was expected to improve customer satisfaction and brand loyalty, as it enriched Mercedes’ customer’s experience. The program also strengthened the brand image of Mercedes in the US. Development of a web-based solution enabled MBUSI to offer the factory delivery program at substantially lower costs, due to less reliance on administrative personnel. â€Å"Package Marketing† the FDRS program with a ride to tourist sites, enhanced the image of Alabama as a tourist destination. The creation of a similar – albeit smaller – factory delivery system to the European Customer Delivery Center in Sindelfingen, Germany, reflected favorably on the MBUSI business unit. Source: MBUSI Regional Economic Development DaimlerChrysler AG Future of FDRS In 2000, MBUSI planned to leverage FDRS’platform by adding a range of other services. MBUSI built an advanced platform to create communication links to its suppliers. Through the link, MBUSI provided them feedback on the quality of supplies it received. The dealers and suppliers had a user-ID and password, which the system recognized. It then routed them into the appropriate stage of the FDRS. The company also planned to extend the innovative system to include transactional applications such as ordering materials and checking order status on the Web. The company expected that the new system based on FDRS, would be more cost-effective than the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)18 system. ] Bill of Material keeps track of all raw materials, parts, and subassemblies used to create a finished product. 2] A product of IBM Corp. , Lotus Notes and Domino R5 are the industry’s leading client/server combination for collaborative messaging and e-business solutions. 3] The IBM Netfinity server offers solutions for file-and-print and application computing needs. 4] A comput er or device on a network that manages network resources. For example, a file server is a computer and storage device dedicated to storing files. Any user on the network can store files on the server. A print server is a computer that manages one or more printers, and a network server is a computer that manages network traffic. A database server is a computer system that processes database queries. 5] DaimlerChrysler AG was the result of a merger between two leading car manufacturers – Daimler Benz of Germany and Chrysler Corp. of the US in 1998. 6] A luxury brand of passenger cars, Sports Utility Vehicles from DaimlerChrysler. 7] IBM Global Services is the services and consultancy division of IBM Corp. that offers extensive ebusiness solutions. 8] MBUSA is the wholly owned US subsidiary of DaimlerChrylser. ] ERP attempts to integrate all departments and functions across a company onto a single computer system that can serve all those different departments’ particular needs. 10] A server-based data distribution product that enables data exchange between Lotus Domino and a number of host and relational applications. 11] A system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software. Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet, especially intranets. All messages entering or leaving the intranet pass through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not meet the specified security criteria. 12] The IBM S/390 servers offer direct high speed access to the e-business application and are used for Enterprise Computing. 13] A dedicated phone connection supporting data rates of 1. 544 Mbits per second. A T1 Line actually consists of 24 individual channels, each of which supports 64 Kbits per second. Each 64 Kbit per second channel can be configured to voice or data traffic. 14] The NRT Server System supports real time distribution of near-real time data. 5] Real time refers to events simulated by a computer at the same speed that they would occur in real life. 16] Executing a series of noninteractive jobs all at one time. The term dates back to the days when users entered programs on punch cards. They gave a batch of these programmed cards to the system operator, who fed them into the computer. Usually, batch jo bs are stored up during working hours and then executed whenever the computer is idle. Batch processing is particularly useful for operations that require the computer or a peripheral device for an extended period of time. Once a batch job begins, it continues until it is done or until an error occurs. Note that batch processing implies that there is no interaction with the user while the program is being executed. 17] The ERP tables are the database tables, (thousands of them), on which the package is built. The programmers and end users must set these tables to match their business processes. Each table has a decision „switch’that leads the software down one decision path or another. 18] EDI connects all the suppliers in and out of the US. www. icmrindia. org/free resources/casestudies/Mercedes Benz-IT&Systems-Case Studies. htm

Debussey essays

Debussey essays Debussys Arabaesque, has become one of my favorite pieces of classical Music for the simple fact that it is easy for me to identify with. This particular piece of music reminds me a lot of a roller coaster because there are a lot of places where Debussy will build up to a climax then drop dramatically. He is able to do this by manipulating the tempo in which he plays the notes, and the order in which he plays the notes. For example, when he builds up to the climax he plays the notes up tempo and in scale rhythm. When Debussy does this it gives the piece a light hearted feel. Then he uses a chord of notes to drop from the climax. In doing this he is able to give the music a melancholy under tone. Debussy will then play a line of music but then he will return to the climax and fall routine. Therefore making the piece repetitive. I find that the pieces repitition is what gives the piece its beauty. I find that the repitition helps relax the listener and helps them to be able t o flow with the music. I enjoy this piece so much because to me it isnt just another piece of music for listening purposes but in listening it becomes a tool for my mind to use. I say this because this particular piece enables me to free my mind and to think more clearly about an array of thing. Those things may include: my school work, my plans for the next day, or I may things of a greater importance such as my spirituality or just memories. So I also use it as a tool for my concentration I love to listen to this piece while writing a paper for any of my classes because to me it seems as the notes are being played words are coming to me in my head. Maybe not as fast as the notes but to me the notes symbolize the words of my sentences. I also love to listen to this piece when I am studying my bible at night because it seems I am abl ...

Acid Rain essays

Acid Rain essays The concept of acid rain is often misunderstood by the vast majority of the world, however, most realize that it is a problem. The burning of fossil fuels has released pollutants into our earths atmosphere. Once airborne, the pollutants form acidic compounds by combining with water in the atmosphere, hence the name acid rain. The precipitation then reaches the earths surface by means of fog, mist, rain or snow, as well as in dry form. While the substances that produce acid rain also occur naturally, it is the man-made contributions that have transformed acid rain into an environmental problem. Acid rain causes the acidification of streams and lakes, contributes to damage of highly elevated trees, and also contributes to the cause of lung cancer and other major health problems to humans. Another concern about acid rain that has not been previously mentioned is the accelerating decay of building materials and paints, which includes many irreplaceable buildings, statues, sculptures, and monuments that are a part of our nations cultural heritage. If these monuments are destroyed, they can never be replaced, which will be the focus of this report. Before speaking of the direct effects of acid rain on materials, the process of the formation of acid rain must be understood. We now know that the primary causes of acid rain are emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO ) and nitrogen oxides (NO ). When Sulfur is emitted into the air, it is in the form of the SO gas. Naturally, there is not a significant amount of SO gas in the air, so the gas transfers through a series of oxidation reactions, resulting in the formation of H SO , or sulfuric acid. This acid can then dissolve in rainwater and lower the pH of precipitation dramatically. On the other hand, NO gases are formed through a completely different process. Naturally, the atmosphere contains a large percentage of N gas. High temperatures associated with the burn...

Develop and describe your personal theory of human development, Essay

Develop and describe your personal theory of human development, drawing from and citing the theorists and theories studied in classes - Essay Example The different clusters of theories provide useful insight among people and societies, in not only human growth or development, but also thought and behavior. Freud Sigmund was among the core proprietors of psychoanalytic theories relative to human development. Freud’s believe was that experiences as child affected a person’s overall development even as a youth. This belief influenced other psychologists who put additional effort on Freud’s theory. Consequentially, other psychologists came up with their own theories such as the eight-stage theory of human development by Erikson (Saul, 2013). Today, these theories are more prevalent and popular in cognitive development studies. Behaviorism, a commonly known school of thought today, became popular early in the 20th Century and after introduction in the faculty of psychology, learning theories have become prevalent too. The reason was that psychologists studying behavior felt the urge to put extensive attention on observable and quantifiable behaviors. This did not only create a different perception on human development but also made psychology appear as a more scientific discipline. Relatively, learning theories under a behavioral perspective focus on environmental influences that impact on human development. However, some of the behaviorists argue that erudition transpires only through developments of interaction and fortification. Bandura’s theories are entirely against this perception and lean mainly on the effects of observational learning. Lastly, the cognitive theories of human development focus on how the thinking process and psychological procedures stimulates a person’s development and transformation. Among the most renowned theorists of cognitive human development is Jean Piaget who formed her foundation on the notion that children do not receive information alone but are also scientists who have different perception of the world from their understanding and individually

Alcohol Control Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Alcohol Control Issue - Essay Example Heavy drinking causes lethal damage to the body where it is a risk factor for diseases like cancer, liver cirrhosis, and heart problems. Alcoholism and alcohol abuse also has negative and devastating social consequences. Alcoholics have high chances of getting divorced, are more vulnerable to domestic violence, struggle much with employment and live in absurd poverty (Boyle, 2013). One effect that an alcohol abuser cannot escape is the effect on personal relationships. The problem of alcoholism puts enormous strains to all the people surrounding the alcoholic. It mostly tasks family members and close friends with covering the alcoholic. The burden is covered between people who do not take alcohol and children suffer from trauma in case the alcoholic is a parent or caregiver. Alcohol abuse has damaging effects on the brain that include memory lapses, blackouts and other types of brain damage. With these adverse effects of alcoholism and alcohol abuse, alcohol control ways were established to minimize the effects on society (Boyle, 2013). Alcoholism is said to be a fatal illness whose medical cure is yet to be known. Alcohol control has been enacted right from its production, marketing as well as consumption. The control measures may also have effects on limiting competition and create a partial monopoly. This will in return increase profits for the ones that remain in the market. With some considerations, alcohol controls may, therefore, put some economic interests at stake. Professional means of alcohol control through rehab centers could also act effectively in reducing alcohol-related dangers (Boyle, 2013). The controls are therefore inevitable in this modern society. Some alcohol control methods include; Price of alcohol plays a major role in influencing the level of consumption and its subsequent related harm.

Text analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Text analysis - Essay Example The argument by the author for this phenomenon is that there are immense psychosomatic implications that impact very much on the military officer or the law enforcement agent if it terminates the life of a fellow human being. This can be shown through the mental anguish that the military officer or the law enforcement agent suffers if they did so without the support of their superiors or peers, or if they are incapable of justifying their act of killing. In explaining his book, Grossman asks why there is little evidence of soldiers discussing of having killed a prisoner or combatants in war. In Grossman’s analysis of battleground fears, there is a revelation that even more than the fear of injury or death, the military personnel has a fear of being seen to have failed in their military obligations of combat. If the military officer kills in times of war, he will be burdened with guilt while if he fails to kill he is ashamed of his failures. The use of the term â€Å"Bulletpro of mind† as an imagery explores what the mind and soul of the soldiers presented in the book is during and after the combat or the war showing the dilemma facing such soldiers with regards to killing. The stresses of the deadly wars that would require the â€Å"Bulletproof† mind include negative impacts on the nervous system, breathing system, memory and visible and auditory functioning that soldiers must find ways of controlling in order to survive. The imagery Bulletproof is therefore simply an analysis of the entire physiological processes that is involved with the killing of a human being (Grossman, 43). The argument that is being brought out by the imagery of The Bulletproof mind is that majority of the people usually have that phobic level of response when it comes to the issue of violence. Therefore, there is need for soldiers to be trained on how to kill in order to have that mind set of performing the duties without fear. There are a lot of physical effects tha t are brought about by violence. These effects stresses on the humans such as changes in the sonic perception, tunnel vision and the post-traumatic stress disorder (Grossman, 56). The relevance of such information about the physiological aspect of the human body is to be able to bring out a clear picture of the stressful training that may end up affecting and bringing out a deadly threat to the human environment. Another aspect that is brought out in chapter three of the book is that of the mental attitude which is required by any warrior in order to fight. There is that perception of the level of stress inoculation that is required as well the importance of the training required. The argument that can be brought out in this section is that of the will of a person to do a certain job without having to be subjected to use lethal force. The determination that is aimed at performing the ultimate required act to the intended recipient to whom the force is addressed may in itself deter t he set actions. If a person is able to adapt the look of being steel eyed then just by the sight of the eyes the enemy may not attempt to test your wrath. In this case you become the weapon and everything else around you becomes a tool. The work of Grossman is an attempt to give a connection between the increasing violence

Student Teaching Reflection Essay Example for Free

Student Teaching Reflection Essay The class was a very talkative and energetic bunch of students. The class had a high tendency to get off task when working independently, during free time, or in small groups. The cooperating teacher and I developed a new positive behavior plan in hopes of improving the talkative behavior. We develop a plan to give each student a star when we saw them reading, not talking when they are not suppose to be, getting things out quickly for the next subject, or sitting down and doing their work without talking. At the end of the week the students would have the opportunity to cash in their stars for tangible rewards. The class’ talkative behavior did improve because of the new positive behavior plan that the cooperating teacher and I developed. All of the students stayed in the classroom for most of the day except one student who is on an IEP for a learning disability and ADHD and is currently taking medication. This student is only in the classroom for Social Studies/Science and at times for Math. He does join the students for P. E. , music, lunch, recess, T. V. programming, computer, and counseling. There is, also, another student who is ADHD and he is currently taking medication. There are three students who leave to go to the Title I room for reading and there are five students that leave on occasion for math, depending on how much they are struggling. Three students leave once a week for speech therapy. Once I started teaching the whole day, my days went by very quickly. Within an elementary classroom there is always so much going on and with very energetic 1st  graders I never had a chance to stop moving. I did learn quickly that no matter what you plan in your lesson plans, they change and the teacher needs to adapt to the change. I have found that organization, time and classroom management, flexibility, and communication with other teachers and administration are a must for teachers. I was fortunate to have the opportunity to attend parent/teacher conferences and teacher in-services meetings. I felt that attending these activities helped me better prepare myself as a future teacher. The teacher in-service provided me with wonderful information that I will continue with and take into my classroom. The in-service informed us about the unfamiliar disability, a learning disability. The in-service did not just give me information about LD, it gave me a chance to know and feel what it is like have a learning disability. It really opened my eyes and my heart to the LD students. Before going into my student teaching experience, I was unsure of how I felt about the No Child Left Behind Act. After being in the classroom and viewing the guided reading groups, I think it is a great way to keep students reading at their level. It benefits all children to achieve and succeed in their reading skills, abilities, and levels. If there was only one reading texts for all of the children, it would only benefit a handful of students. The more advanced students and the less advanced students would be at a great disadvantage and not be able to succeed at their highest potential. I also believe that there should be separate groups for math. I had students who could have excelled at higher levels in math, but were held back because of the less advanced students. No Child Left Behind Act is very hard for one teacher in the classroom to handle, if they want to be able to get to all of the groups of students and to have them excel. I feel that teachers need an aide within the classroom to assist during the guided reading time. My experience in the 1st  grade classroom has taught me a tremendous amount about being a teacher, organization, time and classroom management, flexibility, and communication. I learned many effective ways to run a classroom, classroom management, and teaching strategies. I feel that I am prepared for a teaching position in a regular education classroom. I am looking forward to the challenges, rewards, and positive benefits to teaching children.